the main / Mitsubishi. / What was called UAZ 469 in the people. From "half-timer" to "goat": Soviet cars with the funny folk nicknames

What was called UAZ 469 in the people. From "half-timer" to "goat": Soviet cars with the funny folk nicknames

The coming New Year will be the last for the legendary UAZ - after 43 years old on the conveyor, it will be removed from production. Today we will talk about the compromises of his design, about the modernization and farewell anniversary version of 2015.

For all years of production, he had to change several names: UAZ-469, UAZ-3151, UAZ-Hunter ... And how many modifications and specials were created for all these years! At the same time, the essence of this car never changed - exactly how we know it, we knew our fathers and even grandfathers ... and the more interesting to take a look at some little-known facts of the biography of the legendary UAZ.

How it all began

The beginning of the reference of the history of this car in different sources is called differently - it can be considered from the start of production, and from gentlemen, and since the end of testing or designing ... I will risk it to say that the story - it is the history of creating - this car begins back in 1956, Although the car that began to design then on UAZ, did not have even remote similarity with the final product.

Start legendary Uaza Put ... car amphibian. In 1956, GAZ-69 and GAZ-69 produced at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, received an order from the Ministry of Defense - to develop a floating jeep. Such army machines in those years in the world were "trend", and the Soviet military wounded first of all on the main strategic opponent - the United States.

The new Soviet jeep, in addition to the buoyancy properties, should have a clien 400 mm to pass through the tank rutter, as well as a fully independent suspension and carrying capacity, designed for 7 passengers or 800 kg.

At that time, the Department of the Chief Designer (OGK) on the UAZ was loaded by the development of the UAZ-450 family and its follower of the UAZ-452, which we have already told. Nevertheless, work on the new army jeep boiled, but soon the requirements of the military were supplemented: the SUV need to establish a custom-effective gun - such arms began to put the Americans on their lightweight technique. And it does not matter that in the USA thus armed the land jeeps (it is necessary to "catch up and overtake"), and already partly the designed Soviet amphibian has an instrument layout, and when installing guns, the powder gases would be blisted directly into the engine compartment.

For the UAZ engineering state, it is, in fact, meant to start all the work first, moved by the power unit forward. Surprisingly, it was this circumstance that helped to appear to the legendary UAZ, which we know now. Moreover, after the layout change, the following happened: The Ministry of Defense took off the requirement for the buoyancy of the machine, translating the UAZ on the theme of the army's land machines, and the question with a custom-effective tool disappeared from the requirements of the economies.

Nevertheless, there were requirements for independent suspension and clearance of 400 mm, the possibilities of transporting up to 7 people or 800 kg of cargo. Moreover, the car body must be unified for the transport of goods and people, while the previous army jeep had two modifications - three-door cargo GAZ-69 and five-door passenger GAZ-69A. And what about the road clearance? The non-trivial ability of a new jeep walk along a tank rut forced developers to search absolutely non-standard solutions.

Legendary "Military" Bridges

Repelled, however, from the already accumulated. In 1960, two prototypes were collected - one of them was designated UAZ-460 and had the running part of the "loaf" UAZ-450 with a dependent suspension. The second, referred to as the UAZ-470, had an already independent torsion suspension, inherited from the amphibian developed earlier.

The first version of the military did not suit - the required meaning of clearance was not achieved in this way, and on TTH such a car was mostly repetition of GAZ-69. The customer insisted in the second embodiment, with an independent torsion suspension (transverse levers plus longitudinal torsion) and wheeled gearboxes - this car showed a truly unprecedented results on the off-road.

However, there were sensitive minuses here. First, the car's declared clearance provided only in an unloaded state, and when the body was taken on board, the body was very sensitive. Secondly, under an independent suspension, which means that a new transmission, a separate production was required, in which the customer was not intended to invest. And thirdly, the study of foreign analogues revealed other imperfections of the design: the developers of the American Ford M151 could not achieve the desired balance, and on the East German Sachsenring P3 received from the famous Horch, during comparative tests, the front suspension on the left side was completely destroyed after contact With trimming pipe, just lying on the ground.

So how to achieve "imperceptibility" and low cost, characteristic of the army jeep, while maintaining a high road lumen? It was decided to take a step back, applying the dependent bridge chart of the suspension, leaving the keys gearboxes in the design. That is, to sacrifice the smoothness of the course, but to give a high digit on clearance. But here they showed underwater stones: the calculations showed that such a car would simply be able to ride such a car.

External gearing gearboxes, generally accepted at that time, allowed to reduce the size of the main transmission crankcase (GP) per 100 mm, because the torque increase function is now partly transmitted to the wheel gearboxes, and give an increase in the lumen by another 100 mm due to the center of the gears themselves in the gearboxes themselves .

It turns out just the same 400 mm from the road to the Carter GP, even with a small margin, but ... a bending moment in this case will be simply to pull the massive P-shaped bridges from the attachment points. And this is only Polbie: the car itself will have a too high center of gravity and, accordingly, the tendency to overturn. It turned out that more than 320 mm car with specified dimensions can not have anything.

To lay the suspension to these values \u200b\u200b(and another option has not been left), a witty solution was found: in the wheel gearboxes, move from external engagement to more compact internal, when one gear is located inside the other and the intercentrose distance is thus just 60 mm instead of 100 mm . Yes, the clearance is obtained only 320 mm, but such a car will be stable and reliable. As a result, the Ministry of Defense approved exactly this option, and the future showed that the compromise was completely true.

Finally, the suspension scheme was approved on November 1, 1960, and in 1961 the first sample of the SUV, which received the name UAZ-469 was collected. The car inherited an element base from the second iteration of the "loaf" UAZ-452: a frame, a supervised 75-strong engine, also installed on a new "Volga" GAZ-21, and a 4-speed gearbox. The front-wheel drive was designed turned off, transfer case"The demultiplier was located in one case with the checkpoint, which favorably distinguished the new jeep from GAZ-69, where the cardan transmission between the nodes created most of the noise and vibrations. Supplement the ideology of the chassis new bridges with internal engagement gearboxes. Those very!

Interestingly, in parallel with this, another, although externally, very similar prototype, UAZ-471, who had a carrying body (!), Independent suspension without wheeled gearboxes and a promising 4-cylinder V-shaped motor. The engine was approved, but did not go to the series, and in general the final choice of the military was made in favor of a proven framework of frame architecture.

Design, Competitors and Long Way on the conveyor

And only after that it began, in fact, the birth of the design of the UAZ-469, which is now known to everyone. Design at that time it was not called, there were engineers and their variety - the builders on the body. In the canonical form, the appearance of UAZ was formed by 1961. It was then that cars were collected with rounded from the sides of the hood, as if covering the headlights, slightly inflated front wings and characteristic doorways mowed in the rear.

In 1961, such a car (however, with the "old" index of the UAZ-460) in a stylish two-color orange-white coloring, even showed on the EDPH - and where, the all military secrecy is awakened?! After all, a few years ago, this project was engaged in the whole couple of employees who were sitting in the office behind the lattice door closed on the castle with a sign "Logging, employees call!".

In the same 1961, UAZ passed comparative tests with NATO SUVs. Central Asia, Pamir, the Caspian Sea and back along the Volga, was the route of the run. A separate line was prescribed tests on the Tank Polygon NII-21. Eyewitnesses argue that all tests ended in complete immobilization of competitors. Among the defeated, and then, and subsequently, the legendary Land Rover Defender was invariably. "Def" drowned in Indonesia, stuck on the Niii-21 polygon, and from the slope Elbrus not rolled on wheels, and the Kubarem! .. From the words of UAZ, it turns out that our "four hundred sixesy ninth" broke the mastitudes "Englishman" to the head. However, as often happens, the fans of the Land Rover are probably other comparative tests. :)

In the next few years, the body proportions were slightly specified, the optimal solution was found for the configuration of the grid of the radiator ... By the way, during these works it turned out an unexpected "by-product": the UAZ emblem was born - the most we see on the Ulyanovsk jeeps to this day. Among other things, a modification of the machine without wheeled gearboxes was developed, called the UAZ-469B (the letter meant "unprecedented"). Thanks to this circumstance, Uaziki in the people will subsequently will be divided into cars with "collective farm" and "military" bridges. But the introduction of the car into the series was taken away by the not listed works.

According to one of the versions, in those years, the Ministry of Automotive Industry sent funds mainly on the launch and "star" of new plants - first VAZ, then KAMAZ, and the rest financed by the residual principle. According to another version, the Way of UAZ-469 complicated the shortage of new engines on the conveyor. Be that as it may, and pre-selected specimens were collected only in 1971, serial cars with outer bridges appeared in December 1972, and the wheel with wheel gearboxes, which was basic and was developed first, appeared in the series, oddly enough Only six months later - in the summer of 1973.
What is the UAZ better "lawn"?

The distribution on the conveyor was this: 20% of all released cars accounted for "military" bridges, 80% - to "collective farm". Initially, division according to the body variant was initially laid - after assembling on the bottom of the lower part of the body, the alone body was supposed to be equipped with a tilt ride, while others were a tough "stepped blood" as a roof. But UAZ-469 in all cases was "sharpened" for transportation and cargo, and passengers - by 175 mm longer than GAZ-69A, having 80 mm large base, and, being 35 mm wider and 57 mm above the predecessor , UAZ allowed to do with one "universal" option. There could be 5 passengers in the cabin, and in the rear compartment - two more people on folding "chairs" and / or baggage.

Yes, the body of a deserved "lawn" in the three-door version allowed more to accommodate for one person more, but the total carrying capacity of the new UAZ was on a different height - on the test, the car quietly took on board two and 600 kg of cargo (or 7 people and 100 kg) and pulled It is a GAZ-407 trailer with a ballast of 850 kg. The power system was the same as in the "lawn" - from two fuel tanks, however, the flow rate of a hundred kilometers has decreased by about 2 liters.

A more powerful engine, a spacious salon, an improved ergonomics, the increased convenience of landing, a folding board, which served as a continuation of the body when transporting longs and a higher manufacturability of production ... Of course, the disadvantages of the successor "lawn" was not deprived - for example, the corrosion resistance of the body It was not too high, and the front glass was not leaning out, which made it difficult to shoot - as we remember, the main purpose of this car was army. But the totality of all qualities allowed to name the UAZ-469 car of the new generation. And so he was waiting for a great success.

The car was exported in 80 countries of the world (and in the USSR in private hands before the restructuring was sold only for special merits) and was very popular not only in the third world countries, but also in Europe. In Italy, the entrepreneurial brothers Marhorelli created their own version of the UAZ, at which in 1978 they won the Country Country championship, which helped the export sales and the image of UAZ as a whole. In the USSR, the factory team of UAZ took the first place on the autocross 12 times, and in 1974 the "collective farm" UAZ-469b conquered Elbrus, climbing 4,200 meters ... In addition, the car participated in the mileagers of sugar deserts (1975) and the Karakum (1979).
The team of their youth

The most controversial question in the history of UAZ-469 is "who created it." The fact is that the name of one person will not work here, and partly it is associated with the specifics of OGK UAZ those years. In the late 50s, the Ulyanovsky Automobile Plant experienced his second birth, and the engineering staff had to create a newer, for which several experienced specialists were sent from gas, which had several dozen yesterday's Hadi students, Mami, Gorky and Volgograd Polytechov, as well as other Technical universities of the country.

In total, there were about 80 people in the team, everyone was engaged in their narrow segment of work and often moved by the bosses from the project to the project (precisely because of this, by the way, so hard to collect information about creating a specific UAZ model of those years). However, the team gathered talented and worked effectively, completely bypass without a bureaucratic red tier and a strict hierarchy (which was not neither before, none after!), During a dozen years, creating, in fact, the Heritage of UAZ, which the factory workers will be used in the next half a century, and one UAZ-469 Case here, believe me, is not limited. Nevertheless, several key figures in the UAZ-469 destiny can be allocated and necessary.

At the time of the development of the prototype, the chief designer of the UAZ was Peter Ivanovich Mumutukin, it all started with it. Completed and designed the first prototypes Lev Adriananovich Elders, subsequently became the main designer of the plant. Those most bridges with wheel gearboxes who served at the design stage of the main stumbling block, developed Georgy Konstantinovich Mirzovyev, in the future, the main designer of the Volga auto plant. And the design of the car developed a close friend of Mirzoyeva - Designer Albert Mikhailovich Rakhmanov, who later headed the UAZA design center, and then worked under the "creative leadership" Julia Georgievich Borzov, the leading designer on the bodies.

Made their contributors and designers of the van UAZ-452 E.V. Varchenko, L.A. Standers, M.P. Tsyganov and S.M. TURIN, because it is "loaf" it became for the UAZ-469 "donor" of the aggregates. In addition, Izep's ideological inspirer in many sources is called Ivan Alekseevich Davydov, who was the origins of the very first "loaf" UAZ-450. In 1992 in 1972, the model took Peter Ivanovich Zhukov, who came to the post of chief designer. The production was financed by Mavtoprom, who was led by Alexander Mikhailovich Tarasov, and the final "good" on this production, as the legend says, gave Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, to which the UAZ was adjusted by the prototype as a car for hunting ...
Modernization

In the army, sports and agriculture, UAZ very soon became an indispensable assistant. But over time, he demanded modernization under tightening security requirements, ecology and ergonomics. An option with a all-metal roof appeared, the engine power first raised to 80 hp. In the army version (the cooling system has become closed), and then replaced the motor to 90-strong on all modifications. Suspension power aggregate It became a softer, gearbox - a five-speed, dispensing box - fine-module and low noise.

Instead of lever shock absorbers, hydraulic telescopic appeared, the bridges were changed to reliable continuous, the suspension in the part of the elastic element evolved first from simply spring to spring, and then it became a spring at all. Upgraded lighting, windshield was made solid, the wipers were transferred to its lower part. In the design introduced vacuum amplifier And the clutch hydraulic wheel, more modern suspension pedals, comfortable seats and an effective heater appeared in the cabin.

In 1985, the model was renamed the new standard - a military jeep began to be called UAZ-3151 (earlier - UAZ-469), civil modifications of UAZ-31512 (UAZ-469B), version with a all-metal roof received the UAZ-31514 index, long-base - UAZ-3153 . The active phase of modernization lasted until the beginning of the 1990s, after which the automobile was focused on other developments - on not too successful UAZ-3160 "Sixir" and the "Patriot" that followed it is quite viable UAZ. By the way, the basis for these developments was all the same "four hundred sixty-ninth".

New time

In 2003, UAZ-3151, a direct descendant of UAZ-469, got a luxury version called UAZ Hunter, leaving the unreadable index 315195 for intra-water supplies. Despite all the multi-stage modernization and stylistic triggers, "Hunter" remained the same "goat" (nickname, inherited from the GAZ-69 for the effect of galloping or longitudinal swing) with all the advantages of pluses and minuses. Moreover, from April 2010 to June 2011, 5,000 copies of the "real" UAZ-469 were issued - the anniversary series was devoted to the 65th anniversary of the victory. By that time, the total number of issued UAZ-469 / UAZ-3151 / UAZ "Hunter" exceeded 2 million ...

And what's next? The days of the legendary UAZ, apparently, are considered. First, the market chooses more comfortable UAZ Patriot.Secondly, Hunter does not fit into modern security requirements. And thirdly, the equipment of the conveyor, where these machines are produced, completely worn out, it is not possible to ensure proper quality assembly, and its replacement would increase in the amount of more than 1 billion rubles. The management of the plant with a much larger hunting will invest this money in the development of an independent front suspension, the purchase of foreign components and production of the short-pass version of the Patriot, which should take a niche "Hunter", is it UAZ-469 ... End of legend?

Final version. To be or not to be?

In early 2014, it was announced that it remained to live on the conveyor "Hantera" about a year - his departure is scheduled for 2015. However, in the spring of 2014 there were reports that before final parting with the model, the plant will release a limited farewell series of high comfort and passability, as well as with design, complemented by concise, but noticeable strokes. As we managed to find out, such a version is really planned, but the Ulyanovsky Auto Plant itself has an indirect attitude towards the topic, and the development of the machine is carried out by the use of the engineering company from the outside.

A complete list of innovations in the design of this car looks hardly no more impressive than everything that happened with the UAZ-469 and its versions during the mass production: the climate system of the Russian brand "Frost" (the same company has developed air conditioners for LADA 4x4), Fully descending front windows (previously it was possible only to move back the piece of glass), a completely new instrument panel, improved body seals, "chandelier" with fighters on the roof, forced lock front Bridge (Developed on UAZ) and impressive off-road wheels with dimension 245/75 R16 (Probable Brand - Kumho Mud Terrain).

Sounds great, right? Alas, this is just a farewell version, and not a new serial version - the planned initial circulation of the novelty was only about 500 cars, further depends on demand, but ... even if such steps to improve the construction of the UAZ are able to seriously extend its conveyor life. However, for some lucky ones, it would be an excellent chance to touch the legend, and in the coolest execution of its entire history.

According to our data, all the points "Upgrade" had to add about 100,000 rubles to the price of UAZ, but taking into account the current instability in fact it may turn out more. However, a limited series is a limited series. Another thing is that from the summer of 2014, a pause has arrived during the project - all the documentation is transferred to developers on the UAZ, and then ...

In what stage is the project UAZ HUNTER LIMITED EDITION? Will the real photographs of this car and the start of its sales? What developers are kept secret? Watch for publications!

The coming 2015 will be the last for UAZ - after 43 years old on the conveyor, it will be removed from production. Today we will talk about the compromises of his design, about the modernization and farewell anniversary version of 2015.

How it all began

The beginning of the legendary Uau put ... car amphibian. In 1956, GAZ-69 and GAZ-69 produced at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, received an order from the Ministry of Defense - to develop a floating jeep. Such army machines in those years in the world were "trend", and the Soviet military wounded first of all on the main strategic opponent - the United States.

Legendary "Military" Bridges

Finally, the suspension scheme was approved on November 1, 1960, and in 1961 the first sample of the SUV, which received the name UAZ-469 was collected. The car inherited an element base from the second iteration of the "loaf" UAZ-452: a frame, a supervised 75-strong engine, also installed on a new "Volga" GAZ-21, and a 4-speed gearbox. The front-wheel drive was designed turned off, the distribution box-demultiplier was in one case with the checkpoint, which favorably distinguished the new jeep from GAZ-69, where the cardan transmission between the nodes created most of the noise and vibrations. Supplement the ideology of the chassis new bridges with internal engagement gearboxes. Those very!

Design, Competitors and Long Way on the conveyor

In the same 1961, UAZ passed comparative tests with NATO SUVs. Central Asia, Pamir, the Caspian Sea and back along the Volga - there was a run. A separate line was prescribed tests on the Tank Polygon NII-21. Eyewitnesses argue that all tests ended in complete immobilization of competitors. Among the defeated, and then, and subsequently, the legendary Land Rover Defender was invariably. "Def" drowned in Indonesia, stuck on the Niii-21 polygon, and from the slope Elbrus not rolled on wheels, and the Kubarem! .. From the words of UAZ, it turns out that our "four hundred sixesy ninth" broke the mastitudes "Englishman" to the head. However, as often happens, the fans of the Land Rover are probably other comparative tests.

What is the UAZ better "lawn"?

The team of their youth

Modernization

In the army, sports and agriculture, UAZ very soon became an indispensable assistant. But over time, he demanded modernization under tightening security requirements, ecology and ergonomics. An option with a all-metal roof appeared, the engine power first raised to 80 hp. In the army version (the cooling system has become closed), and then replaced the motor to 90-strong on all modifications. The suspension of the power unit has become a softer, gearbox is a five-speed, handout - fine-module and low noise.

Instead of lever shock absorbers, hydraulic telescopic appeared, the bridges were changed to reliable continuous, the suspension in the part of the elastic element evolved first from simply spring to spring, and then it became a spring at all. Upgraded lighting, windshield was made solid, the wipers were transferred to its lower part. The design introduced a vacuum amplifier and a clutch hydraulic wheel, more modern suspended pedals appeared in the cabin, comfortable seats and an effective heater ...

New time

And what's next? The days of the legendary UAZ, apparently, are considered. First, the market chooses a more comfortable UAZ Patriot, secondly, Hunter does not fit into modern security requirements. And thirdly, the equipment of the conveyor, where these machines are produced, completely worn out, it is not possible to ensure proper quality assembly, and its replacement would increase in the amount of more than 1 billion rubles. The management of the plant with a much larger hunting will invest this money in the development of an independent front suspension, the purchase of foreign components and production of the short-pass version of the Patriot, which should take a niche "Hunter", is it UAZ-469 ... End of legend?

Final version. To be or not to be?

A complete list of innovations in the design of this car looks hardly no more impressive than everything that happened with the UAZ-469 and its versions during the mass production: the climate system of the Russian brand "Frost" (the same company has developed air conditioners for LADA 4x4), Fully descending front windows (previously it was possible only to move back the piece of glass), a completely new instrument panel, improved body seals, chandelier with faders on the roof, forced blocking of the front axle (developed on the UAZ) and impressive off-road wheels dimension 245/75 R16 (Probable Brand - Kumho Mud Terrain).

Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, known including the production of legendary army SUVs, returned to the conveyor already forgotten, but the most "budgetary" version of the "Passage" - UAZ-469, gentlely referred to as the people "Kozlik"

As you know, all new is well forgotten old. In the case of UAZ-469, this capital truth is true only in part. After all, the Hunter model that came to replace the current "novelty", did not differ in appearance from the progenitor. According to the management of the plant, the task was to put a car on the conveyor, which would have enough reliability at minimum cost. And the decision was asked by itself: to revive one of the legends of the 70s - UAZ-469, and to coincide with his release to the upcoming 65th anniversary of the victory.

The bright sun, giant drifts (in front of our arrival in Ulyanovsk there was a strongest snowfall), huge shops of the auto plant, in which life is boil ... Several years ago there was a serious reconstruction, German specialists set and established new equipment, the conveyor was finalized. Now the paint shop is the pride of Ulyanovkov. And quite reasonable: man from the side at first it is not even believed that he is in the Russian factory. There is almost sterile purity around, everyone goes in white coats, at the entrance and exit are "blurred" in special chambers, so that neither the slightest dusting Sorinka will come here. By the way, average age Employees - 29 years, which is gratifying: young people are not abundant.

And from the conveyor, three UAZ go straight before our eyes: black, dark green and white. We are distributed by keys - and welcome to the factory polygon! Your crief respondent was able to ride on different models of UAZ, and I basically know his abilities and off-road opportunities. But when I saw the so-called track, which was to drive (about the preceding snowfall tests I mentioned), I wanted to get out and go to drink tea somewhere in the warm room. After all, the depth of snow exceeded the meter! Well, okay, it was not, we turn on the four-wheel drive - and forth on the assault on the rigid snow-covered off-road. And indeed, a similar test was not a problem for "UAZ". The car confidently on the virgin, scattering snow vortex on the sides, even without thinking to show the slightest uncertainty.

Only in one place there was a confusion caused by the human factor. The young photographer sat down to shoot right on the track, and standing, slipped ... Before my flying on all pairs, a member remained on all pairs. I had to click on the brake, "Kozlik" fell into deep loose snow and ... sat on the bridges. Having a very impressive experience of both annular races and off-road driving, I have grilled a low row and began to rock the car. A few minutes - and UAZ independently got out of the snow captivity. And on the staffing "civil" rubber.

What, however, is not surprising, because at part of the off-road competitors at the UAZ is simply not. Is that Land Rover Defender is ready to throw a glove to a domestic SUV, but the price tag there, a clear case, somewhat different. It is high passability and is the main trump card of the Ulyanovsk jeep, consumers for the sake of her even ready to close their eyes to not the highest reliability of Ulyanovsk products. Although, notice, its quality is growing, the suppliers have changed, new modern equipment appeared at the factory.

A separate conversation deserves the pricing policy of the company. The basic version of the UAZ-469 with a tarpaulin awning costs 299,000 rubles, and the option with a metal roof will cost 320,000 rubles. The engine is offered only one - ZMZ-409 with a volume of 2.7 liters and with a capacity of 112 hp Thanks to nicely selected gear ratios in the "box", the UAZ drives with such a motor is quite smart.

UAZ falls under the government program utilization of old cars. Moreover, in the very Ulyanovsk region, the "chocolate" option was offered for local residents: 50,000 rubles from the federal government, 50,000 from the government of the region and another 20,000 rubles from the Sollers management company. Thus, the total size of the discount reached as much as 120,000 "wooden"! True, lucky only the first 500 lucky shoes was the limit from the leadership of the region. In four days, all half ancient cars were implemented through the program. For comparison: only 300 UAZs are sold in the entire Ulyanovsk region.

SPECIFICATIONS

Dimensions (mm) 4025x2010x2025
Wheel base (mm) 2380
Road clearance (mm) 210
Mass (kg) 1770
Ragge volume (L) 930-1830
Engine operating volume (cm3) 2693
Max. Power (hp) 112
Max. Torque (NM) 208
Max. Speed \u200b\u200b(km / h) 130
Cf. Fuel consumption (l / 100 km) 10.6

Alexey Gusev

Last time we talked about folk nicknames of cars, but this, understandable case, the scope of human fantasy was not limited. Today, there are no less interesting domestic brands in line, and we will begin with the oldest of them - Zil.

In those years, when the plant was still the name of Stalin and was called ZIS, he produced buses on the same basis. No less legendary than gas-aa, the ZIS truck wore a nickname, which arose on the same principle as "half a gun": the ZIS-5, which had a load capacity of 3 tons, called simply "Trehchon". But in addition, "Zakhar Ivanovich" was also respectfully important - according to the first two letters of the abbreviation.

Sis-8 bus did not have any special nickname, and got them only after 1979, when the film was released on Soviet screens, "Ferdinand" was called in the picture (for supposedly similarity with the German "self-propellating"), A B. real life Sometimes they began to magnify "Sharapov". It is curious that there is no ZIS-8 in the film, nor in the book of the Wainer Brothers "Era Mercy," there was an Opel Blitz bus in the original story, and in Kinolent - much later ZIL-8 (not ZIS!), Built in a single copy .

But almost every cargo ZIS or Zul, it cost him to start going from the conveyor, gave the chaffins with some special name. The authority of ZIS-5 was so great that the ZIS-151 and ZIL-157 appeared then also often called "Zakhar". But they had their own nicknames. ZIS-151 won the name "Iron" - allegedly due to the fact that he often stuck and he had to push. ZIL-157 magicia "Colun"; If someone suddenly forgot or did not know, the colon is such a huge ax. In addition, the same truck was called Truman (Harry Truman - President of the United States during World War II) and so far in the Siberian wilderness is called a "mortar" for relatives with American Studebaker US6.

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ZIL-164 and -166 for the elongated silhouette, long "nose" and the roof of the cabin Almost flushing with a side of the body called "crocodiles". There was also a "pike", such a nickname got three-way ZIL-133 - a clear thing, for the big length of the chassis. Interestingly, the base model, ZIL-130, did not have any characteristic nickname, it was just "Zilok". Who knows, maybe this is very simple and the common nickname would ever become official, because the new model of the gas truck is called a new model, and quite officially - an example of such an original approach to Neumbent remembered our reader in the comments to the first part of this material. Alas, cargo Zilam was lucky less - their story was cut off on the "bull", which his official name approached ... Well, ZILS, now, who also became part of the story, People's Silver, starting with ZIL-114, glued a nickname "Correspondence" .

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The history of UAZ began with the assembly of GAZ-69, and therefore, on an independent model of an SUV from Ulyanovsk with some "scaling", the nickname of Gorkovsky: the UAZ-469 was made by the "goat" - the softness of the stroke, as well as the Gazovsky "goat" was not his a strong side. The nickname turned out to be so alive, which is still used in relation to the ancestor of "four hundred sixty-ninth" - UAZ Hunter, which, however, is completely unreasonable.

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Version of UAZ-469 for the police in the people was called "Bobik", "Bomb", "Babon", "boxes" and "garbage truck" or, cycling Ukrainian connotations, "cementosis". Sometimes you can hear the option of the "funnels", but it was much more likely to apply not to Militia Uau, but to much earlier GAZ-M-1 - these cars with the body of black colors were used by the NKVD staff.

In the photo: GAZ M1 "1936-1943

Another legendary Ulyanovsk car, a UAZ-452 minibus, also has a number of nickname. The basic version for the rounded body forms is called "Buanka", "Baton" "Bull" and "Gorbushka", and the version for ambulance is "Senitark" and "Tablet". Well, in the case of the most modern model at the moment, the model from Ulyanovsk, UAZ Patriot, we have an example of the fact that even if the official name of the car is, it is often not enough - an SUV clicha "Patrick" and "Patrick".

In the photo: UAZ-452 "1966-85

It is difficult to avoid the nickname "constipation" (with an emphasis on both the first and second syllable), if you were born in Zaporozhet, and no Soviet model of ZAZ escaped him. As well as a little less popular, but also very suitable nickname "Zhuzhik" and "Porzik". There were always a lot of different variations in these names, and it seems, they continue to appear until now the "Crazer", Zoser, Zyper, Zozulya, "Zauser", "Log in" - all of them in about the same degree of accuracy reproduce The sound of famous air cooling engines ... But there are nicknames of individual models of ZAZ, tightly recorded in eternity srices.

This certainly needs to be attributed to the "humpback" in relation to. Who could know that now, after many years, "nine hundred and sixty-fifth" will look without small as a standard of style, and then, in the 1950s, in addition to not a very cute "humpback", and "Canning Bank" "- This title, as we already know, later inherits Togliatti VAZ-2101.

In the photo: ZAZ-965 Zaporozhets "1962-1965

The next model from Zaporozhye, had semicircular protruding slots in the rear wings - they were needed for the fence of air, cooling motor - and therefore received the nicknames "eared" and "Cheburashka", and in addition more and "soapsy" (on a strange irony, this nickname later also It turned to the Vazov model - "Tens"). Similarly, the subsequent evolution of the model, ZAZ-968 and -968A. But the last incarnation "nine hundred and sixty-sixth", ZAZ-968M "ears" in the back of the body was not there, only the slits - he also lost the pair of convex nicknames.

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But on the first front wheelter from Zaporizhia, and, at the same time, the first "non-Zaporozhet" ,, fantasy of our great people posted on a new one. Again, well, after all, there is a name for the model own, but no, this is not enough that there is some kind of "Tavria" ... the whole couple of nickname is remembered, but what: "Starda" and "Ford Tavrius". The bowl of folk adoration was not even later, already highly post-Soviet Zaz Sens (before the former Daewoo Lanos, and later became ZAZ Chance): despite the very short period of release under this name, this very name managed to interpret in ... "Seine"!

In the photo: ZAZ-110206 Tavria "1990-98

Well, in the context of the ZAZ, it is also logical to mention an SUV built on Zaporizhzhya aggregates. He had the official name "Volyn", but in the people she was "Volynka", "Lunohod", "Louise", "Motoblock", "Jewish armored person" ... However, we studied in detail the story and its nicknames in a separate material.

In the photo: LUAZ-969M "1979-88

KAMAZ, buses, tractors ...

Well, on the sweet we decided to mention some separate nicknames, belonging to different brands, types of transport and the epochs of the Soviet Auto industry. It is impossible to do without them in this material. Say, did you know that the huge tractor K-700 is the nickname "squid"?

Or KAMAZ is a magnificent brand with a world name, but in our country there are almost all trucks of this brand of truckers with noiseless "Tatarin" (due to the geography of the plant) and a "drunk horse" (due to the emblem and characteristic handling). The nickname "Buanka" wears not only UAZ-452, but also a modern bus groove, and everyone absolutely spit that it is officially called vector.

In the photo: KAMAZ-5410 "1976-78

And it is natural, because to give nicknames to public transport - fun even more popular than transporting individual. Well, remember, the long, compiled from two parts of the city Ikarus-280 was not different as the "harmonica", well, or "sausage". Minibus RAF-977 - "Rafik".

In the photo: RAF-977 "1958-76

Trolleybus was absolutely any brand called (and continues to be called) "horned", "Sawyt", "Sarai" and "Refrigerator" - and here, perhaps, nothing needs to explain. The last nickname, by the way, wearing a city bus Liaz - perhaps the most common in Soviet cities. Therefore, he had a lot more than one: there were still a "lunohod" (like Luaz, according to consonant with the brand) and, sorry,. From the song of the words will not throw out, especially if the song is folk.

In the photo: Ikarus 260 T1 "1974

What was called UAZ 469 in the people. From "half-timer" to "goat": Soviet cars with the funny folk nicknames

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